A mole is a lot of things-but atoms and molecules are very tiny. A mole of pennies stacked on top of each other would have about the same diameter as our galaxy, the Milky Way. A mole of sand would fill a cube about 32 km on a side. If everyone on earth (about 6 billion people) counted one bill per second, it would take about 3.2 million years to count all the bills. Suppose you had a mole of dollar bills that need to be counted. How many molecules are present in 4.61 × 10 −2 mol of O 2? To determine the total number of atoms, we have Also, because we know that there are three atoms in each molecule of H 2O, we can also determine the number of atoms in the sample. The definition of a mole is an equality that can be used to construct a conversion factor. How many molecules are present in 2.76 mol of H 2O? How many atoms is this? The numerical value of things in a mole is often called Avogadro’s number ( N A), which is also known as the Avogadro constant, after Amadeo Avogadro, an Italian chemist who first proposed its importance. Although the number of things in a mole is known to eight decimal places, it is usually fine to use only two or three decimal places in calculations. These things can be atoms, or molecules, or eggs however, in chemistry, we usually use the mole to refer to the amounts of atoms or molecules. But a mole is a much larger number of things. Understand that a mole means a number of things, just like a dozen means a certain number of things-twelve, in the case of a dozen. Experimental measurements have determined that this number is very large: A mole (mol) is a number of things equal to the number of atoms in exactly 12 g of carbon-12. We need a unit of amount that relates quantities of substances on a scale that we can interact with.Ĭhemistry uses a unit called mole. What we need is a way to deal with macroscopic, rather than microscopic, amounts of matter. Yet we don’t typically deal with substances an atom or a molecule at a time we work with millions, billions, and trillions of atoms and molecules at a time. So far, we have been talking about chemical substances in terms of individual atoms and molecules.

Relate the mole quantity of substance to its mass.

Molar mass of carbon periodic table